Masonry Anchors Explained: All 5 Types for Brick, Block & Stone (Chart)

Masonry anchors are not all the same — and using the wrong type in brick, block, or stone is one of the most common causes of anchor failure. Solid concrete, hollow block, brick, and stone each require different anchoring systems. Here is exactly which anchor to use and why.

What Is a Masonry Anchor?

A masonry anchor is any fastener designed to attach objects to masonry substrates — concrete, brick, concrete block (CMU), stone, or grout-filled block. Unlike wood fasteners that thread into wood fiber, masonry anchors work through mechanical expansion, friction, adhesive bonding, or threading directly into the base material.

The key distinction: masonry anchors must be matched to the substrate. An anchor that works perfectly in solid concrete may pull straight out of hollow block. Always identify your substrate before selecting an anchor.

Masonry Anchor Types — Quick Reference

1. Masonry Screws (Tapcon)

Masonry screws — Tapcon is the most recognized brand — thread directly into a pre-drilled hole in concrete, brick, or block. The hardened carbide-tipped thread cuts into the base material and holds through thread engagement rather than expansion.

Best for: Light to medium loads in concrete, brick, and the solid face shells of hollow block. Electrical boxes, shelving brackets, furring strips, door frames, light fixtures.

Advantages: Removable and re-insertable, work in a variety of substrates, easy installation with a standard hammer drill.

Limitations: Lower load capacity than wedge or sleeve anchors. Cannot be used in the hollow cores of CMU block. Require the exact correct bit size — 5/32" for 3/16" Tapcon, 3/16" for 1/4" Tapcon.

2. Sleeve Anchors

Sleeve anchors have a threaded bolt surrounded by an expansion sleeve. When the nut is tightened, the sleeve expands against the walls of the hole creating friction-based holding. They work in solid concrete, brick, and natural stone — but not in hollow block where the expansion has no solid material to bear against.

Best for: Medium loads in solid concrete, brick, and stone. Handrails, shelving standards, equipment mounting, outdoor fixtures in brick.

Advantages: Higher load capacity than masonry screws, work well in brick where wedge anchors cannot be used, available in many sizes.

Limitations: Permanent — cannot be removed cleanly. Require solid substrate. Minimum edge distance requirements.

3. Wedge Anchors

Wedge anchors provide the highest load capacity of any mechanical masonry anchor. A clip at the tip of the anchor wedges outward as the nut is tightened, creating extremely high friction. However, they require solid poured concrete — the expansion force will crack or shatter brick, block, or stone.

Best for: Heavy structural loads in solid poured concrete only. Deck ledger boards, machinery anchoring, structural brackets, seismic applications.

Limitations: Solid concrete only — never use in brick, block, or stone. Permanent installation.

4. Toggle Bolts for Hollow Block

Standard expansion anchors cannot work in hollow concrete block because the cores are empty — there is nothing to expand against. Toggle bolts solve this by passing through the hole and opening a spring-loaded wing on the inside of the hollow cavity. The wing bears against the inside face of the block shell when tightened.

Best for: Hollow CMU (concrete masonry unit) block, hollow brick. Light to medium loads where solid block anchoring is not possible.

Limitations: Lower load capacity than solid anchors. If the bolt is removed the toggle falls inside the wall.

5. Epoxy Anchors

Epoxy anchors use a two-part adhesive injected into a pre-drilled hole. A threaded rod or rebar is inserted into the wet epoxy and allowed to cure. When cured, the epoxy bonds chemically to both the rod and the masonry, creating the highest possible load capacity — often exceeding the strength of the base material itself.

Best for: Maximum load applications, cracked concrete, irregular substrates, hollow block (with a screen tube to contain the epoxy), and any application where mechanical expansion anchors cannot develop adequate capacity.

Advantages: Highest load capacity, work in cracked concrete and hollow substrates (with screen), vibration-resistant, suitable for all masonry types.

Limitations: Permanent — cannot be removed. Require cure time (varies by temperature). Higher cost and more complex installation.

Choosing the Right Masonry Anchor — Decision Guide

• Solid poured concrete, heavy load: Wedge anchor
• Solid concrete, light to medium load, removable: Tapcon masonry screw
• Brick, medium load: Sleeve anchor or Tapcon
• Hollow CMU block: Toggle bolt or epoxy with screen tube
• Stone: Epoxy anchor or sleeve anchor depending on stone hardness
• Cracked concrete: Epoxy anchor only — mechanical anchors lose capacity in cracked concrete
• Maximum load, any substrate: Epoxy anchor

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a masonry anchor?

A masonry anchor is any fastener designed to attach objects to masonry substrates including concrete, brick, concrete block, stone, or grout-filled block. Masonry anchors work through mechanical expansion, friction, adhesive bonding, or threading directly into the base material. The anchor type must be matched to the specific substrate - an anchor that works in solid concrete may fail completely in hollow block.

What type of anchor do I use in brick?

For brick use Tapcon masonry screws for light to medium loads - they thread directly into the brick and are removable. For heavier loads use sleeve anchors which expand against the solid brick. Never use wedge anchors in brick - the expansion force will crack or spall the brick face. For maximum load capacity in brick use epoxy anchors.

What anchor do I use in hollow concrete block?

For hollow CMU concrete block use toggle bolts - the spring-loaded wing opens inside the hollow cavity and bears against the inside face of the block shell. You can also use epoxy anchors with a screen tube that contains the adhesive inside the hollow core. Never use wedge anchors or sleeve anchors in hollow block - they have no solid material to expand against.

What is the strongest masonry anchor?

Epoxy anchors provide the highest load capacity of any masonry anchoring system - often exceeding the strength of the base material itself. For mechanical anchors in solid concrete wedge anchors provide the highest capacity. For brick sleeve anchors provide more load capacity than masonry screws. The right anchor depends on your substrate and load requirements.

Can I use the same anchor in concrete and brick?

Some anchors work in both concrete and brick - Tapcon masonry screws and sleeve anchors work in both substrates. Wedge anchors work only in solid poured concrete and will crack brick. Epoxy anchors work in both. Always verify the anchor manufacturer specifications for the specific substrate before installation.

Related Guides

• Types of Concrete Anchors — Complete anchor type guide
• Tapcon vs Concrete Anchors — When to use each
• Epoxy vs Mechanical Anchors — Detailed comparison
• How Much Weight Can Anchors Hold? — Load capacity by type
• Anchor Spacing and Edge Distance — ACI 318-19 minimums
• Anchor Specification Engine — Get the exact anchor spec for your project
• Types of Drywall Anchors — For hollow walls instead of solid masonry

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